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Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia.〔("Retired faculty" ), University of Virginia, accessed December 28, 2010.〕 Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss,〔Singer, S. Fred. ("Ozone, Skin Cancer, and the SST" ), Science & Environmental Policy Project, July 1994, accessed May 18, 2010. * Singer, S. Fred. ("The hole truth about CFCs" ), Science & Environmental Policy Project, March 21, 1994, accessed May 18, 2010. * Singer, S. Fred. ("Five Scientific Questions On The CFC-Ozone Issue" ), Science & Environmental Policy Project, October 16, 2009, accessed May 18, 2010.〕 his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including ''Global Effects of Environmental Pollution'' (1970), ''The Ocean in Human Affairs'' (1989), ''Global Climate Change'' (1989), ''The Greenhouse Debate Continued'' (1992), and ''Hot Talk, Cold Science'' (1997). He has also co-authored ''Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years'' (2007) with Dennis Avery, and ''Climate Change Reconsidered'' (2009) with Craig Idso.〔Scheuering, Rachel White, "S. Fred Singer," in (''Shapers of the Great Debate on Conservation: A Biographical Dictionary'' ), Greenwood Press, 2004, p.115-127〕〔, Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010. * Zeller, Tom. ("And in This Corner, Climate Contrarians" ), ''The New York Times'', December 9, 2009; the NYT article calls him an "atmospheric physicist".〕 Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London.〔("Astrophysics: Capturing a Moon and Other Diversions" ), ''Time'' magazine, February 21, 1969, p. 2.〕 He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.〔 〔Levy, Lillian. ''Space, Its Impact on Man and Society''. Ayer Publishing 1973, p. xiii for general background. * (S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. ), Science and Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010, for founding of SEPP.〕 In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project,〔〔For an early article of Singer's on this issue, see Singer, S. Fred. ("On Not Flying Into a Greenhouse Frenzy" ), ''The New York Times'', November 16, 1989.〕 and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change.〔〔Also see Revkin, Andrew. ("Skeptics Dispute Climate Worries and Each Other" ), ''The New York Times'', March 8, 2009.〕 Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.〔Gray, Louise. ("Fred Singer to speak at climate change sceptics conference" ), ''The Daily Telegraph'', November 18, 2009.〕 He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed that climate models are neither based on reality nor evidence. 〔Tierney, John. ("Lessons from the Skeptics' Conference" ), ''The New York Times'', March 4, 2008. * Stevens, William K. ("Global Warming: The Contrarian View" ), ''The New York Times'', February 29, 2000. * See (Scheuering 2004, p. 115ff ) for Singer's views on the Kyoto Protocol, esp. (pp. 122–123 ).〕 Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues. 〔 〔 From the program ''The Fifth Estate''; updated October 24, 2007. Video not archived. Also see 〕 ==Early life and education== Singer was born in Vienna, Austria, where his father was a jeweler and his mother a homemaker. When the Nazis invaded, the family fled, Singer leaving on a children's transport train with other Jewish children. He ended up in England, where he lived in Northumberland, working for a time as a teenage optician. Several years later he emigrated to Ohio and became an American citizen in 1944.〔〔Stevens, William Kenneth. ''The Change in the Weather''. Delta 2001, p. 245. Some of the details given by Scheuering and Stevens of Singer's flight from Vienna and the timing of it appear inconsistent. In fact Scheuering does not even mention such a flight: Scheuering does not even say that the family was Jewish. According to Scheuering the family was already in England in 1938.〕 He received a B.E.E. in electrical engineering from Ohio State University in 1943, and an A.M. in physics from Princeton in 1944. He taught physics at Princeton while he worked on his masters and his doctorate, obtaining his Ph.D. there in 1948. His doctoral thesis was titled, "''The density spectrum and latitude dependence of extensive cosmic ray air showers''." His supervisor was John Archibald Wheeler, and his thesis committee included J. Robert Oppenheimer and Niels Bohr.〔(S. Fred Singer, Ph.D. ), Science & Environmental Policy Project, accessed May 13, 2010; Smithsonian Institution Research Information Service. ("S. Fred Singer Papers, 1953–1989 (bulk 1960–1980)" ), accessed May 15, 2010. * For material about his supervisor and thesis committee, see Misner, Charles W. ("John Archibald Wheeler and the recertification of General Relativity as True Physics" ), University of Maryland, October 3, 2006, accessed July 27, 2013. * Also see Singer, S. Fred. ("The Father of the H-Bomb Tells His Story" ), ''Hoover Digest'', 2002, No. 1, accessed May 15, 2010. * For his teaching while he obtained his degrees, and the title of his PhD thesis, see (Scheuering 2004, pp. 116–117 ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fred Singer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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